| Description
| From the electromagnetic theory, the optical waves propagation, coupling, and modulating in optical wave-guides are proposed. Also from the quantum theory introduced by modern physics, the laser theory and the principles of photo detectors are introduced. By the concepts of electro-optical modulation of laser devices, electrical modulation of optical wave-guides, and the opto-electronic conversion of photo detector devices, the fundamental concepts of integrated optics are introduced. Also the characteristics and applications of integrated optics are presented.
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