| Description
| The modes of thinking and behaviors of the lower class have always been neglected by historians. However, they appear as major concerns in many novels. In The Legend of the Outlaws of the Marsh, the author reflects the lower-class ideology in the 108 outlaws of the Liang-shan Po. This course is intended to explore how the conflicts between idea of allegiance and fatalism and the Taoist/Buddhist causationism is practiced in lower-class society in the light of political stability and social welfare.
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