| Description
| From the electromagnetic theory, the optical waves propagation, coupling, and modulating in optical waveguides are proposed. Also from the quantum theory introduced by modern physics, the laser theory and the principles of photo detectors are introduced. By the concepts of electro-optical modulation of laser devices, electrical modulation of optical waveguides, and the optol-electronic convertion of photo detector devices, the fundamental concepts of integrated optics are introduced. Also the characteristics and applications of integrated optics are presented.
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